Oud, also known as agarwood, is a highly prized and aromatic wood that comes in various types, each with its unique characteristics and fragrance profiles. The diversity in oud types is influenced by a complex interplay of factors, including the specific Aquilaria tree species from which it's derived, the geographic origin of the wood, environmental conditions during growth, the age of the tree, and the method of production.
This natural resin, formed as a defense mechanism when the Aquilaria tree is infected by a certain type of mold, has been valued for centuries in many cultures for its deep, complex aroma and use in perfumery, traditional medicine, and religious ceremonies. Here are some common types of oud:
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Cambodi Oud: Known for its sweet, fruity, and woody scent.
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Indian Oud: Often has a deep, earthy, and animalic aroma.
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Burmese Oud: Features a rich, resinous, and spicy fragrance.
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Vietnamese Oud: Prized for its complex, floral, and balsamic notes.
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Malaysian Oud: Characterized by its robust, woody, and leathery scent.
Different processing techniques, such as distillation, CO2 extraction, and solvent extraction, can significantly impact the final fragrance profile of oud. The age of the wood also plays a crucial role, with older oud generally being more valuable due to its richer, more complex scent.
Additionally, the method of harvesting (wild vs. cultivated) and the skill of the artisan in preparing the oud can influence its quality and aroma. Some connoisseurs also distinguish between naturally formed oud and artificially inoculated agarwood, with the former typically commanding higher prices.
The rarity and labor-intensive production process of high-quality oud contribute to its status as one of the most expensive raw materials in the perfume industry, with some varieties fetching astronomical prices per gram.